# The most common disease of the cardiovascular System #
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## Major cardiovascular diseases and prevention ##
Not all cases of high Blood pressure present symptoms of headaches. However, when there is a sudden surge in blood pressure, it can cause a headache. The headache feels like throbbing pain and occurs on both sides of the head. It gets worse with physical activity. (It’s also a sign of a medical emergency).
Major cardiovascular diseases and their prevention: An important issue for the company
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death. According to the world health organization (WHO), cases a year, billions of deaths — and many of these cases are preventable. But what, exactly, counts as one of these diseases, which are risk factors play a role and how you can protect yourself from them?
Among the most important cardiovascular diseases:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is A narrowing of the heart arteries by deposits (atherosclerosis), which can lead to Angina pectoris, or heart attack.
Stroke (apoplexy): An interruption of the blood flow in the brain, often caused by blood clots or bleeding.
High blood pressure (hypertension): A permanently elevated blood pressure, which damages the heart and blood vessels and the risk for other diseases increases.
Congestive heart failure: A condition in which the heart can no longer pump enough blood to supply the body.
Arrhythmias: disturbances of the heart rhythm, which can, in severe cases, life-threatening.
What are the factors that increase the risk?
Many cardiovascular benefit diseases caused by lifestyle-related factors. Among the main reasons for this:
unhealthy diets (excessive salt, saturated fat, sugar);
lack of physical activity;
Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption;
Overweight and obesity;
chronic Stress;
genetic predisposition and age.
Prevention: What can we each do?
The good news is that Many of the risk factors through the use of simple, but consistent measures to reduce. Prevention begins in everyday life:
Movement to integrate into everyday life. Regular physical activity — for example, 150 minutes of moderate endurance training per week — strengthens the heart, lowers blood pressure and helps to regulate the weight.
A Healthy Diet. A balanced diet with lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, nuts and low-fat proteins (e.g., fish) supports the circulatory System. Salt and processed foods should be reduced.
Give up Smoking. Smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk for heart attack and stroke dramatically. Help with the weaning offer Doctors and special programs.
Blood pressure and cholesterol control. Regular medical check-UPS allow for the early detection of risk factors. If necessary, drug therapy can be started.
Stress management. Relaxation techniques such as Meditation, Yoga or mindfulness training can help reduce the stress levels and relieve the pressure on the heart.
Healthy weight keep. A normal body weight reduces the workload on the heart and cardiovascular system and lowers the risk of Diabetes.
Conclusion
The prevention of cardiovascular disease is not a single task, but a social challenge. In addition to individual measures, it also needs political health political steps of: healthy eating in schools and companies to promote Cycling to expand, the ban on Smoking in public spaces to strengthen and prevention campaigns to support.
Each individual can do something today for his heart and for the health of society as a whole. It is never too early and never too late to live a healthier life.
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The cardiovascular System is the life's work of our body — it provides each cell with oxygen and nutrients. However, this System is exposed to a number of diseases. The most common of which is the high blood pressure, medically known as hypertension.
According to studies, approximately 25 % of adults have high blood pressure — suffering in Germany, a number that is increasing in older people, even more than 50 %. The Concern: Many of those Affected are unaware of their disease, because hypertension is often a long time asymptomatic. That is why it is also referred to as a silent Killer.
What happens when you have high blood pressure?
When high blood pressure is the blood pressure exceeds permanently, the standard values of 120/80 mmHg. This means The heart has a stronger pump to transport blood through the vessels. In the long run this leads to an Overload of the heart and vessels, damage to the blood. Consequences can be heart attack, stroke or kidney damage.
What factors contribute to high blood pressure?
There are a number of risk factors that favor the Occurrence of hypertension:
Obesity and lack of physical activity;
a salt-rich diet;
Stress and mental stress;
Alcohol and nicotine consumption;
genetic predisposition;
Age and gender (men are up to 55. The age of affected to a greater extent, women).
Prevention and treatment: What can you do?
Dieuch at increased risk, there are many ways of hypertension to prevent or to fight:
Healthy diet: A diet in accordance with the principle of the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) with lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grain products and low salt content can lower the blood pressure.
Exercise: Regular physical activity, such as 150 minutes of moderate endurance training per week, strengthens the cardiovascular System.
Weight control: A healthy body weight relieves the heart.
Stress management: relaxation techniques such as Yoga, Meditation and autogenic Training can help.
Regular inspections: people over the age of 40 should have their blood pressure measured regularly.
Medications: In the case of elevated blood pressure Doctors prescribe, where appropriate, blood pressure-lowering drugs.
Conclusion
High blood pressure is a serious, but often unrecognized disease. But with a healthy lifestyle and regular medical care, the risk can be significantly reduced. Create awareness, early action and prevention of life — the key to break the silent Killer of the tip and to protect the health of the cardiovascular system in the long term.
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## Diseases of the cardiovascular system in children ##
Diseases of the cardiovascular system in children: A subject that should not be underestimated
Cardiovascular diseases are often considered to be Suffering of adults, especially in older age. However, children can also be affected by such a disease. This topic is of great importance, because early diagnosis and treatment can save an influence on the life of a child in a sustainable manner — often even.
What diseases occur?
In the case of children of different forms of heart and vascular diseases occur. The most common include:
Congenital heart defects (congenital heart defects): These are malformations of the heart that are present at birth. They are the most common group of congenital malformations and can range from mild to severe forms.
Cardio-myopathies: disorders of the heart muscle in which the heart reduces its pumping capacity, or altered.
Inflammatory diseases: in particular, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle wall) and pericarditis (inflammation of pericardium) count.
Arrhythmias: heart rhythm disorder that can occur in children as well, and from harmless to potentially dangerous for the rich.
High blood pressure (hypertension): Although less common than in adults, it can also occur in children, high blood pressure, often associated with Obesity or other diseases.
Symptoms: How to recognize a disease?
Diehe diseases in the child are not always easy to identify, because many of the symptoms are nonspecific. Parents and Doctors should take the following signs seriously:
Pallor or cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes)
Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or when lying Still
Fatigue and reduced performance compared to children of the same age
Dizziness or loss of consciousness
unusual heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat
poor growth or weight gain in infants
Diagnosis and treatment
Early diagnosis is crucial. Today, Doctors of different study methods available:
Ultrasound examination of the heart (echocardiography)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Stress tests
in special cases, a heart catheter examinations or MRI
The treatment depends on the disease. In the case of congenital heart defects, surgical intervention may be necessary, while cardio can be treated myopathy or arrhythmias with drugs. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach is a children's cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, physiotherapists and psychologists often work together to take care of the child in a comprehensive manner.
Prevention and education
Although many of the heart are inborn error, and therefore can not be avoided, the prevention of other risk factors, an important role. A healthy diet, adequate physical activity and the prevention of Obesity in Childhood is of great importance. In addition, the education of parents and educators is important: The sooner a Problem is detected, the better the treatment prospects.
Conclusion
Diseases of the cardiovascular system in children are not uncommon and require attention. Thanks to modern medicine and early diagnosis of many affected children have a good chance to lead a normal, active life. It is therefore important that parents, teachers, and medical personnel are aware of the need and possible symptoms to take seriously — because every child deserves a healthy future.
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## Heart disease due to high blood pressure ##
Heart disease due to hypertension: pathophysiology and clinical implications
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is one of the most important risk factors for the development of heart disease. In accordance with the current epidemiological studies, approximately 1.28 billion adult hypertension worldwide, with a majority of the cases treated inadequately or not at all is diagnosed.
Pathophysiological Bases
Arterial hypertension leads to a chronic Overload of the cardiovascular system. Due to the increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the heart must work harder to pump the blood in the body. This permanent strain caused left ventricular hypertrophy is a thickening of the heart muscle wall, which initially serves as an adjustment reaction, however, leads to long-term restriction of Diastole and to a reduction of the pumping function.
Furthermore, the persistent increase in blood pressure causes damage to the vascular wall and promotes the formation of atherosclerosis. The calcification and narrowing of the coronary arteries reduces the transport of oxygen to the heart muscle and can lead to Angina or a myocardial infarction.
Clinical Consequences
To diseases, the most common heart caused by high blood pressure or favors, include:
Congestive heart failure: The overloaded Ventricle loses its ability to pump efficiently, which leads to accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary circulation and in peripheral tissues.
Arrhythmias: Structural and electrical changes in the heart can increase the risk for atrial fibrillation and other heart rhythm disorders.
Coronary heart disease (CHD): Due to atherosclerosis, narrowing of the vessels, the blood flow to the myocardium, reduce.
Sudden cardiac death: Often through life-threatening arrhythmias triggered, in particular, in the case of untreated hypertension with concomitant hypertrophy.
Diagnostics and Management
Early diagnosis of hypertension and adequate blood pressure control is crucial to prevent the development of secondary diseases. The diagnostics includes:
regular measurement of blood pressure (target value: under 140/90 mmHg in high-risk patients under 130/80 mmHg),
Echocardiography for assessment of left ventricular function and structure,
Electrocardiogram (ECG) for the detection of signs of hypertrophy or arrhythmias,
Laboratory Tests (Kidney Function, Lipid Spectrum Of Blood Sugar).
The therapy consists of lifestyle measures and pharmacological approaches:
Reduction of salt intake, weight reduction, physical activity, avoiding Smoking and alcohol,
Administration of antihypertensive agents (ACE inhibitors, AT1‑receptor blockers, beta-blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers).
Conclusion
High blood pressure is a modifiable risk factor, the effective control can reduce the incidence and progression of heart disease significantly. A systematic prevention, early diagnosis and personalized therapy are therefore of Central importance for the improvement of the prognosis of patients with arterial hypertension.
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